1. 背景
* 在生產環境下，安全總是無法忽視的問題，資料庫安全則是重中之重，因為所有的資料都存放在資料庫中
* 當使用非加密方式連線 MySQL 資料庫時，在網際網路中傳輸的所有資訊都是明文的，可以被網際網路中所有人擷取，敏感資訊可能被洩露。在傳送敏感資訊（如密碼）時，可以採用 SSL 連線的方式。
* 版本小於 5.7.6 時按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL 配置的方式進行。
2. MySQL 連線方式
* socket 連線
* TCP 非 SSL 連線
* SSL 安全連線
* SSL + 密碼連線 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]
* SSL + 密碼 + 金鑰連線
3. SSL 簡介
* SSL 指的是 SSL/TLS，其是一種為了在計算機網際網路進行安全通訊的加密協議。假設使用者的傳輸不是透過 SSL 的方式，那麼其在網際網路中以明文的方式進行傳輸，而這給別有用心的人帶來了可乘之機。所以，現在很多網站其實預設已經開啟了 SSL 功能，比如 Facebook 、 Twtter 、 YouTube 、淘寶等。
4. 環境 [ 關閉 SeLinux ]
* system 環境
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[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled
have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為 DISABLED 表示 ssl 未開啟
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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p’123′
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+———–+
| version() |
+———–+
| 5.7.18 |
+———–+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%’;
+—————+———-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+———-+
| have_openssl | DISABLED |
| have_ssl | DISABLED |
+—————+———-+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> show variables like ‘port’;
+—————+——-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+——-+
| port | 3306 |
+—————+——-+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like ‘datadir’;
+—————+——————-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+——————-+
| datadir | /data/mysql_data/ |
+—————+——————-+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5. SSL 配置
* 利用自帶工具生成 SSL 相關檔案
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[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/data/mysql_data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
………………………………………………………………..+++
…..+++
writing new private key to ‘ca-key.pem’
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..+++
…+++
writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem’
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………+++
…………………………………….+++
writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem’
—–
* 檢視生成的 SSL 檔案
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[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 修改資料目錄下生成的 SSL 檔案所屬使用者與許可權
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[root@MySQL ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/*.pem
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/private_key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/public_key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
* 檢視生成的 SSL 檔案
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[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重啟 MySQL 服務
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[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
* 連線 MySQL 檢視 SSL 開啟狀態
have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為 YES 表示 ssl 開啟成功
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mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%’;
+—————+——-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+——-+
| have_openssl | YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
+—————+——-+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
6. SSL + 密碼連線測試
* 建立使用者並指定 SSL 連線 [ MySQL 5.7 後推薦使用 create user 方式建立使用者 ]
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mysql> create user ‘ssl_test’@’%’ identified by ‘123’ require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 透過密碼連線測試 [ 預設採用 SSL 連線，需要指定不使用 SSL 連線 ]
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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p’123′ –ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘ssl_test’@’192.168.60.129′ (using password: YES)
* 透過 SSL + 密碼 連線測試
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示透過 SSL 連線
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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p’123’ –ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
WARNING: –ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use –ssl-mode instead.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> s
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 12
Current database:
Current user: ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ”
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 7 min 34 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 29 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.063
————–
7. SSL + 密碼 + 金鑰連線
* 建立使用者並指定 X509 [ SSL+金鑰 ] 連線 [ MySQL 5.7 後推薦使用 create user 方式建立使用者 ]
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mysql> create user ‘X509_test’@’%’ identified by ‘123’ require X509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 透過密碼連線測試
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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123′ –ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test’@’192.168.60.129′ (using password: YES)
* 透過 SSL +密碼 連線測試
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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123’ –ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test’@’192.168.60.129′ (using password: YES)
* 透過 SSL + 密碼＋金鑰連線測試
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示透過 SSL 連線
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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123’ –ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem –ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> s
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 21
Current database:
Current user: X509_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ”
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 18 min 27 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 40 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 118 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 111 Queries per second avg: 0.036
————–