MySQL 5.7——–SSL连线最佳实战 - WordPress 多站点站群

1. 背景
* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，资料库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的资料都存放在资料库中
* 当使用非加密方式连线 MySQL 资料库时，在互联网中传输的所有资讯都是明文的，可以被互联网中所有人撷取，敏感资讯可能被泄露。在传送敏感资讯（如密码）时，可以采用 SSL 连线的方式。
* 版本小于 5.7.6 时按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL 配置的方式进行。
2. MySQL 连线方式
* socket 连线
* TCP 非 SSL 连线
* SSL 安全连线
* SSL + 密码连线 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]
* SSL + 密码 + 金钥连线
3. SSL 简介
* SSL 指的是 SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机互联网进行安全通讯的加密协议。假设使用者的传输不是通过 SSL 的方式，那么其在互联网中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实预设已经开启了 SSL 功能，比如 Facebook 、 Twtter 、 YouTube 、淘宝等。

4. 环境 [ 关闭 SeLinux ]
* system 环境

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[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled

have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为 DISABLED 表示 ssl 未开启

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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p’123′
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select version();
+———–+
| version() |
+———–+
| 5.7.18 |
+———–+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5. SSL 配置
* 利用自带工具生成 SSL 相关档案

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[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/data/mysql_data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
………………………………………………………………..+++
…..+++
writing new private key to ‘ca-key.pem’
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..+++
…+++
writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem’
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………+++
…………………………………….+++
writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem’
—–

* 检视生成的 SSL 档案

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[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 修改资料目录下生成的 SSL 档案所属使用者与许可权

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[root@MySQL ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/*.pem
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/private_key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/public_key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql

* 检视生成的 SSL 档案

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[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 重启 MySQL 服务

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[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

* 连线 MySQL 检视 SSL 开启状态
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为 YES 表示 ssl 开启成功

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6. SSL + 密码连线测试
* 建立使用者并指定 SSL 连线 [ MySQL 5.7 后推荐使用 create user 方式建立使用者 ]

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mysql> create user ‘ssl_test’@’%’ identified by ‘123’ require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连线测试 [ 预设采用 SSL 连线，需要指定不使用 SSL 连线 ]

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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p’123′ –ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘ssl_test’@’192.168.60.129′ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码连线测试
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过 SSL 连线

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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p’123’ –ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
WARNING: –ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use –ssl-mode instead.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> s
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id:     12
Current database:
Current user:      ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:     stdout
Using outfile:     ”
Using delimiter:   ;
Server version:        5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection:     192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:   latin1
Db     characterset:   latin1
Client characterset:   utf8
Conn.  characterset: utf8
TCP port:      3306
Uptime:         7 min 34 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 29 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.063
————–

7. SSL + 密码 + 金钥连线
* 建立使用者并指定 X509 [ SSL+金钥 ] 连线 [ MySQL 5.7 后推荐使用 create user 方式建立使用者 ]

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mysql> create user ‘X509_test’@’%’ identified by ‘123’ require X509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连线测试

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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123′ –ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test’@’192.168.60.129′ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL +密码连线测试

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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123’ –ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test’@’192.168.60.129′ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码＋金钥连线测试
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过 SSL 连线

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[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123’ –ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem –ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> s
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id:     21
Current database:
Current user:      X509_test@192.168.60.129
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:     stdout
Using outfile:     ”
Using delimiter:   ;
Server version:        5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection:     192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:   latin1
Db     characterset:   latin1
Client characterset:   utf8
Conn.  characterset: utf8
TCP port:      3306
Uptime:         18 min 27 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 40 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 118 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 111 Queries per second avg: 0.036
————–

MySQL 5.7——–SSL 连线最佳实战

MySQL 5.7——–SSL 连线最佳实战